The sudden death of actor Suhani Bhatnagar, a 19-year-old actor seen in popular Bollywood film Dangal, due to dermatomyositis, has put the spotlight on this rare inflammatory disease. An autoimmune condition, it causes muscle weakness and skin rash. There is no cure for dermatomyositis, but the symptoms can be alleviated with medication, physical therapy and exercise. Let us tell you what dermatomyositis is and its symptoms.
Dermatomyositis is a rare inflammatory disease that affects the muscles and the skin, says rheumatologist Dr Priyanka Kharbanda. It is classified as a type of autoimmune myositis, meaning the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own muscle and skin tissues. Going by a 2010 study published in JAMA Dermatology, it seems to be more common in women than in men.
The symptoms of dermatomyositis can vary widely from person to person, but common signs and symptoms may include –
This skin rash can be seen on the eyelids, elbows, knuckles, chest, knees, and back. It may be either reddish or purple in colour.
Dermatomyositis typically affects the muscles closest to the trunk of the body, such as those in the hips, thighs, shoulders and upper arms. Due to weakness, it may be difficult to perform even simple activities like climbing stairs or lifting objects.
People with dermatomyositis may experience profound fatigue that is not relieved by rest. This can have a major impact on daily functioning as well as quality of life.
Joint pain and swelling may occur in some people with dermatomyositis. The wrists, fingers, and knees may be particularly affected.
The onset or flare-ups of dermatomyositis may be accompanied by a fever. It will usually be a low-grade fever.
People with dermatomyositis may also experience weakness in the muscles of the neck. It can involuntarily make the head to drop forward, which is a condition known as “dropped head syndrome.”
Some people may develop interstitial lung disease, says Dr Kharbanda. It can cause shortness of breath, coughing, and decreased exercise tolerance.
Some may even experience dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, which can lead to choking.
While the exact cause is unknown, several factors may increase the risk of developing dermatomyositis:
A 2022 study published in the Medeniyet Medical Journal also found a link between Covid-19 and dermatomyositis. Muscular weakness, rashes and interstitial lung disease were some of the symptoms of Covid-19-induced dermatomyositis.
The diagnostic process may involve the following:
The doctor will typically begin by taking a detailed medical history and conducting a physical examination. They will inquire about symptoms such as muscle weakness, skin rashes, difficulty swallowing, and other relevant signs.
Several tests and scans may be ordered to help diagnose dermatomyositis and rule out other conditions, says Dr Kharbanda. These may include:
While dermatomyositis can pose challenges, many people with the condition can live full and meaningful lives with appropriate management and support, says the expert. They need to work closely with their healthcare team to develop a comprehensive treatment plan tailored to their specific needs and goals.
There are medications, such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressants,
that help to suppress the immune system’s abnormal activity. Exercise and physical therapy are also suggested, so that muscle strength and function are maintained.
Early diagnosis followed by treatment are important in managing dermatomyositis.
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