Do you get cramps after period? Know why they happen and how to stop them

While most women experience menstrual cramps a few days before or during their period, some may continue to experience cramps after period. Secondary dysmenorrhea or post-period cramping is common, but usually harmless. There are effective treatment options and lifestyle changes that can help alleviate these symptoms. Whether you are seeking relief from mild discomfort or dealing with more severe pain, here’s how you can get rid of cramps after periods.

What is cramping after periods?

Cramping after periods, often referred to as post-menstrual cramps or secondary dysmenorrhea, involves experiencing abdominal or pelvic pain after the menstrual flow has ended, states this study, published by StatPearls. Here is what this pain can be described as:

• Duration: These cramps can last for a few days following the end of menstruation.
• Intensity: The pain can range from mild to severe, varying from person to person.
• Location: Pain is typically felt in the lower abdomen or pelvic area and may sometimes radiate to the lower back or thighs.

Cramps after period: Why does it happen?

Experiencing cramps after your menstrual period can be uncomfortable and sometimes concerning. Understanding the underlying causes can help in managing and addressing the discomfort effectively. Here are the primary causes of post-menstrual cramps or cramps after periods, outlined by gynaecologist and obstetrician Dr Chetna Jain.

1. Hormonal fluctuations

After menstruation, hormone levels, particularly oestrogen and progesterone, fluctuate. These hormonal imbalances during periods can lead to muscle contractions in the uterus, causing cramping sensations even after the period has ended. “As the menstrual cycle progresses, oestrogen levels gradually decrease. This decline can stimulate the uterus to contract, potentially causing cramping sensations. Following menstruation, progesterone levels often rise. A sudden surge in progesterone can contribute to post-period cramps.

2. Ovulation pain (Mittelschmerz)

Some women experience ovulation pain, known as mittelschmerz, which typically occurs around two weeks after the start of their period, according to a study published by StatPearls. During ovulation, a follicle on the ovary releases an egg. This process can sometimes irritate the surrounding tissues, causing a sharp or stabbing pain in the lower abdomen. For some women, this pain can be felt shortly after menstruation, leading to what may seem like post-period cramps.

3. Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, such as on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or pelvic lining, states a study published by StatPearls. When endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, it continues to respond to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle. This can lead to inflammation, scarring, and the formation of adhesions. These factors can contribute to persistent pain and cramps before, during, and even after periods. Endometriosis symptoms include pelvic pain, heavy bleeding, painful intercourse, infertility, and fatigue. Post-period cramps are a common symptom of endometriosis, as the condition can cause ongoing inflammation and discomfort.

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4. Uterine fibroids

Fibroids are benign tumours that develop in the muscular wall of the uterus, states this study published in the Endocrine Reviews. When fibroids grow, they can exert pressure on surrounding tissues and organs. This pressure can lead to a variety of symptoms, including prolonged cramping after menstruation. Besides this, they may compress the nerves and blood vessels in the pelvic area, causing discomfort and pain. The severity of post-period cramps associated with fibroids can vary depending on the size and location of the growths. Some women may experience mild discomfort, while others may suffer from more severe pain.

5. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female reproductive organs, typically caused by sexually transmitted bacteria such as Chlamydia or Gonorrhea. If left untreated, PID may spread to the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, leading to serious complications, states this study, published by StatPearls. One of the common symptoms of PID is ongoing pelvic pain and cramps that persist beyond the menstrual period. This pain can be severe and may be accompanied by other symptoms, including abnormal vaginal discharge and fever.

6. Adenomyosis

Adenomyosis is a condition where endometrial tissue, the lining of the uterus, grows into the muscular walls of the uterus itself, as found in a study published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine. This abnormal growth can cause a range of symptoms, including, heavier and longer menstrual bleeding, painful cramps during and after menstruation, as well as a constant or recurring ache in the lower abdomen. The area may feel tender or sensitive to touch. One of the most distinctive features of adenomyosis is the persistent pelvic pain that can continue even after the menstrual period has ended. This pain is often described as a dull ache or a feeling of heaviness in the pelvis.

7. Ovarian cysts

Ovarian cysts are common and usually harmless, but large or ruptured cysts can cause significant pain and cramping that may persist after menstruation. Conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can also contribute to irregular cycles and associated discomfort. PCOS is a hormonal disorder that causes the ovaries to develop numerous small cysts. This condition can lead to irregular menstrual cycles, excessive hair growth, and acne, as found in a study published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Women with PCOS may also experience pelvic pain and discomfort, including post-period cramps.

8. Gastrointestinal issues

Sometimes, cramps experienced after periods may be related to gastrointestinal issues such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is a chronic condition that affects the large intestine. It can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and changes in bowel habits, states this study, published by StatPearls. These symptoms can overlap with those of menstrual cramps, making it difficult to distinguish between the two.

Constipation can lead to abdominal pain and discomfort, particularly in the lower abdomen, as found in a study published by StatPearls. When combined with post-period cramps, this can intensify the overall pain experience. Additionally, excessive gas production can also contribute to abdominal pain and bloating. This can be particularly problematic if the gas becomes trapped in the intestines, leading to discomfort and cramping. These conditions can cause abdominal pain that mimics menstrual cramps.

Symptoms of cramps after periods

Cramps after periods can vary in intensity and duration. Some common symptoms include:

• Pain in the lower abdomen: This is the primary symptom, often described as cramping, aching, or throbbing.
• Lower back pain: The pain may radiate to the lower back and hips.
• Pelvic pain: Discomfort or pain in the pelvic region.
• Nausea and vomiting: These symptoms can accompany severe cramps.
• Fatigue: Feeling tired or exhausted.
• Headaches: Mild to moderate headaches may occur.
• Bloating: Abdominal bloating or fullness.
• Constipation or diarrhoea: Changes in bowel habits.

How to treat cramps after a menstrual cycle?

Experiencing cramps after your period can be uncomfortable and may disrupt your daily activities. While mild discomfort is common, persistent, or severe cramps should be discussed with a healthcare professional. Here are some easy and natural remedies that can help alleviate post-menstrual cramps effectively, as recommended by the expert.

1. Heat therapy

Applying heat to the affected area can help relax the muscles and reduce pain.

How to use:

• Heating pads or hot water bottles: Place a heating pad or a hot water bottle on your lower abdomen for 15-20 minutes. This can help increase blood flow and relax uterine muscles.
• Warm baths: Taking a warm bath not only provides heat therapy but also offers a soothing and relaxing experience that can alleviate pain.

2. Herbal teas

Drinking herbal teas for menstrual cramps can be beneficial. These possess anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties that can help reduce cramping.

Recommended teas:

• Chamomile tea: Known for its calming effects, chamomile can help relax uterine muscles and reduce inflammation.
• Ginger tea: Ginger has strong anti-inflammatory properties that can help alleviate pain and improve digestion, which may be affected by cramps.
• Peppermint tea: It aids in relaxing the muscles and alleviating pain due to its antispasmodic properties.

3. Essential oils

Certain essential oils can be used topically or aromatically to help reduce cramps and promote relaxation. Such as lavender oil known for its relaxing properties may help to reduce pain and anxiety, clary sage oil helps in relaxing uterine muscles and reducing cramping, and peppermint oil provides a cooling effect and can help alleviate pain when massaged into the abdomen.

How to use:

• Massage: Dilute essential oils with a carrier oil (like coconut or almond oil) and gently massage the mixture onto your lower abdomen.
• Aromatherapy: Use a diffuser to inhale the calming scents of essential oils.

4. Acupressure and massage

Applying pressure to specific points on the body can help alleviate pain and reduce cramping.

How to perform acupressure:

• Use your fingers: Apply firm but gentle pressure to the acupressure points for 1-2 minutes while taking deep breaths.
• Massage techniques: Gently massaging the lower abdomen in circular motions can help relax muscles and improve blood flow.

How to prevent menstrual cramps after periods?

Here are some easy ways to prevent cramps after periods, as suggested by the expert.

1. Regular exercise

Engaging in regular physical activity can help improve circulation and reduce the severity of cramps.

Recommended activities:

• Yoga: Poses such as the Child’s Pose, Cobra Pose, and Cat-Cow Stretch can specifically target and relax the pelvic region.
• Walking or light cardio: Activities like walking, jogging, or cycling help release endorphins, which are natural painkillers.
• Stretching: Gentle stretching can alleviate muscle tension and improve flexibility.

2. Magnesium-rich foods

Magnesium plays a crucial role in muscle relaxation and can help reduce cramps.

Foods high in magnesium:

• Leafy greens: Spinach, kale, and Swiss chard
• Nuts and seeds: Almonds, pumpkin seeds, and cashews
• Whole grains: Brown rice, quinoa, and oats
• Legumes: Black beans, lentils, and chickpeas

3. Hydration and diet

Staying well-hydrated and maintaining a balanced diet can significantly impact the severity of cramps.

Hydration tips:

• Drink plenty of water: Aim for at least 8 glasses of water a day to prevent bloating and reduce abdominal pressure.
• Herbal teas: In addition to herbal teas for cramp relief, staying hydrated with various herbal teas can be beneficial.

Dietary recommendations:

• Anti-inflammatory foods: Incorporate foods like berries, fatty fish (salmon, mackerel), and nuts to reduce inflammation.
• Reduce salt intake: Lowering salt can help prevent water retention and bloating.
• Limit caffeine and alcohol: Both can contribute to dehydration and exacerbate cramps.

Summary

Cramping after your period ends is a common problem that many women face. There are a range of health conditions that can lead to this. However, simple dietary changes as well as exercise can help you prevent this post-period cramping. Additionally, if you are experiencing pain after your period ends, there are many home remedies such as heat therapy, herbal teas as well as acupressure that can help you feel better in no time.